IP Routing – Longest matching route beats directly connected routes

One thing people seem to get hung up on when remembering the golden rule of "longest matching route wins" is when looking at directly connected routes. Consider the following network from the perspective of R1: Assume that from R1 we ping 192.168.2.2, does the ping follow the static route or the directly connected route? Remember …

Explanation of how IP ECN and TCP ECN interact

How the IP ECN bits and the TCP ECN bits interact You may have noticed that both the IPv4 and TCP headers feature fields talking about ECN. Here's the IPv4 header. Here's the TCP header. These interact in a very strange way, but it makes sense once you understand it.   1. Two IPv4 hosts …

How to Configure Voice QoS on a Meraki Network Step By Step

Meraki Step By Step QoS Configuration   The goal of this post is to give you a general overview of what a full QoS configuration on meraki gear consists of. There may be some tailoring you should do in your environment to have it fit better. First let's take care of the layer 3 part. …

3.6 OSPF (V2 and v3)

3.6 OSPF (V2 and v3) OSPF is an interior gateway routing protocol. Specifically it is a link-state routing protocol, it runs the Dijkstra SPF Algorithm. Is a classless protocol that supports VLSM and summarization. Why use OSPF? OSPF guarantees a loop free topology. All routers in an area should have the same OSPF database thus …

3.3.l Implement and troubleshoot bidirectional forwarding detection

3.3.l Implement and troubleshoot bidirectional forwarding detection Bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) is an open protocol defined in RFC 5880. BFD utilizes small UDP keep alives that are processed by asics for sub second convergence (versus using sub second hello rate that goes to control plane) If the device uses software CEF and does not have …

3.3.f Implement and troubleshoot VRF lite

3.3.f Implement and troubleshoot VRF lite VRF allows us to have a separate routing table instance for clients   Configure all of the routers, their interfaces, loopbacks, OSPF processes. Identify any gotchyas. R1: int g0/0 ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 no shut ip ospf 1 area 0 R2: int g0/1 ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 no shut …