Describe TCP global synchronization and the problems it causes and possible fixes for it. As shown above TCP global synchronization is when multiple TCP flows experience congestion at the same time, thus they all drop to their slow start threshold at the same time, and start linearly increasing again. The immediate drop at the same …
1.1.e (v) Bandwidth Delay Product
The bandwidth delay product is how TCP calculates its receive window size. The formula is simple. BDP (in Bits) = bandwidth (bits) * RTT (sec) Now we need to convert the BDP from bits to Bytes to tell us our best TCP receive window size to use. This size in Bytes is how much bandwidth …
1.1.e (iv) TCP Windowing
To better understand TCP window Size Scaling we first need to understand the TCP Windows, thus I am copying the section I wrote from 1.1.e Explain TCP Operations here... Window size (in Bytes)- 1.Receive window size: Each host in a TCP connection sets their receive window size meaning this is the most the host will …
1.1.e (iii) Latency
This is a section you will find very similar on a lot of blogs, including this one. I cannot summarize these better than my 3 sources did. The content in the book and other sections of the internet is not as good for this piece. I recommend you create your own notes and flash cards …
1.1.e (ii) TCP MSS
The maximum segment size (MSS) is the maximum TCP payload a TCP packet can carry, unidirectionally. When two hosts bring up a TCP connection, in the TCP SYN they include the TCP option for maximum segment size, which usually 1460. Maximum segment size is like MTU, except it is minus the TCP and IP headers. …
1.1.e (i) IPv4 and IPv6 PMTUD
I am going to copy the notes I have from 1.1.d (iii) IPv4 and IPv6 fragmentation as I already have the relavent data there. Path MTU discovery is a technique used by end hosts to constantly test the MTU of the path it's packets are taking by sending packets out with the don't fragment bit …