The maximum segment size (MSS) is the maximum TCP payload a TCP packet can carry, unidirectionally. When two hosts bring up a TCP connection, in the TCP SYN they include the TCP option for maximum segment size, which usually 1460. Maximum segment size is like MTU, except it is minus the TCP and IP headers. …
1.1.e (i) IPv4 and IPv6 PMTUD
I am going to copy the notes I have from 1.1.d (iii) IPv4 and IPv6 fragmentation as I already have the relavent data there. Path MTU discovery is a technique used by end hosts to constantly test the MTU of the path it's packets are taking by sending packets out with the don't fragment bit …
1.1.e Explain TCP Operations
TCP is connection oriented, whereas UDP is not. TCP is reliable, it's able to detect loss of packets and retransmit as needed. This is because TCP aknowledges every segment received. TCP sets up a connection via the 3 way handshake (syn, syn/ack, ack) When a connection is being set up, parameters are negotiated: MSS …
1.1.d Explain IP Operations Flash Cards
Here are all of the flash cards for 1.1.d Explain IP Operations! If you don't have or know what Anki is, it is my favorite , free flash card program: https://apps.ankiweb.net/ Here is the Anki package you may import and start using the flash cards right away: https://upw.io/u6/&1.1.d_Explain_IP_Operations.apkg If you prefer the plain text flash …
1.1.d (v) IP MTU
This article will discuss all related topics to get you familiar with the CCIE 1.1.d IP MTU section. When discussing IP MTU one needs to be familiar with the minimum values available: IPv4 MTU - 68 - 64,000 Bytes IPv6 MTU - 1280 to 64,000 (4GB possible) The most common IP MTU you will find …
1.1.d (iv) IPv4 TTL and IPv6 Hop Limit
This section will be super short will just discuss the IPv4 Time to live field, and the IPv6 Hop Limit field. Both are very similar. The TTL field as described in 1.1.d (ii) starts off at 255. It decrements once every time a router receives an IP packet to forward. Routers may choose not to …